-         .  -    ,  ■-  ,      ■""'                              -  •    4              -                    - 

' 

-,__^_... .. .  ..-— ^«.._«_-_^ 

— ^.--:»      _^ 

.-..=— ..,...-,-.  ... 

>            ^->nal 

anaal  Titaining 

^ 

w 

» 

Wd3.  C.  R.  iiatnmel 

^ 

fid va need 

l^nife  Work 

B.  p.  iJobnson 

.  4i 

Publishing  Company 
l?iehtnond 

i- 

ADVANCED  KNIFE  WORK  $ 


Cost  of  Material 
per  Pupil     ^ 


iMtAswrttdWoodTablefa... ~..30c. 

Sandpaper... - • is* 

Hair-fnch  Biads  (enough  for  10  puplU) _Jc. 

32c. 


No.  4.  ADVANCED  KNIFE  WORK 

1  Set  Assorted  Wood  Tablets 45c 

Sandpaper i  c 

Half-Inch  Brads,   (Enough  for  Ten  Pupils) ..\^.  ......... .  ic 

Sloyd  Knife,  2i  inch  Blade,   (Used  in  Elementary  Kniife  Work)..!!.  50c 

6-Inch  Try-Square,   (U.sed  in  Elementary  Knife  Work) 15c 

Brass-Tipped  Ruler,   (Used  in  all  of  the  four  courses) 5c 

Pair  of  Dividers,  (Used  in  all  of  the  four  courses) I2c 

Total .$1.29 


STATS  KOIIMAL  SCHOOL 

:,fW  A : '. — '-. 


Educational  Manual  Training 


ADVANCED  KNIFE  WORK 


BY 


WM.  C.  A.   HAMMEL 

Director  of  Manual  Training  and  Physics  in  the  North  Carolina  State  Norma!  and  Industrial  College 

Formerly  Director  of  Manual  Training  and  Physics  in  the  Maryland  State  Normal  School 

Director  of  Manual  Training  in  the  Bryn  Mawr  School 

Inspector  of  Manual  Training  Schools  in  the  State  of  Maryland 


RICHMOND     ' 
B.  F.  JOHNSON  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 
IMO.    4.  '903 


COPYKIGHT    1903 

By  WM.  C.  A.  HAMMEL 
All  rights  reserved 


•-.  ••  • . 


c  o      « 


C8-2— H.  P. 


v\  \^'^ 


INTRODUCTION 

This  set  of  models  for  Adyanced  Knife  Worli  is  to  follow  the  course  in  Elementary  Knife  Work,  and  is  a  preparation  for  the  course 
in  Wood  Sloyd.    The  course  i?  adapted  to  the  ability  of  the  children  in  the  sixth  grade. 

In  Elementary  Knife  Work  the  pupil  had  practice  in  constructing  models  from  but  one  kind  of  wood,  and  had  to  deal  with  but  two 
dimensions,  length  and  breadth.  The  Advanced  Knife  Work  course  requires  the  use  of  various  k-inds  of  wootls,  and  length,  breadth, 
and  thickness  are  considered. 

The  tool  equipment  is  the  same  as  that  used  in  Elementary  Knife  Work.  The  only  cutting  tool  employed  is  the  knife;  for  laying 
out  the  work,  a  tr}--square,  a  rule,  a  pencil,  and  dividers  are  used. 

In  this  course  there  are  seventeen  models,  carefully  graded  in  difficulty  so  as  not  to  overtax  the  children's  ability,  and  are  so  planned 
thaieach  new  exercise  brings  in  some  new  principle  of  laying  out,  cutting,  or  putting  together.  Each  model,  while  simple,  is  designid 
to  l)e  of  use  in  some  way  in  the  schoolroom,  at  home,  or  in  the  child's  play. 

Suggestions. — In  the  first  lessons  the  teacher  should  demonstrate  before  the  class  the  methodvto  be  pursued  in  constructing  the 
object  under  consideration.    Never  try  to  help  a  pupil  by  doing  his  work  for  him. 

Hasty  and  careless  work  shonld  be  early  detected  and  corrected.  This  is  easily  possible  if  the  teacher  requires  that  each  step  in  the 
exercise  be  executed  and  submitted  for  inspection  before  other  work  is  undertaken.  Every  pupil  should  be  allowed  to  proceed  with  the 
work  as  fast  as  he  is  able  to  do  good  work. 

The  student  should  always  stand  when  cutting  the  wood. 

At  the  close  of  the  5-ear  the  models  should  be  given  to  those  who  have  made  them. 

Slight  wounds  are  liable  to  occur,  and  should  Ixj  managed  in  accordance  with  the  methods  of  modem  aseptic  surgery,  not  only 
for  the  immediate  benefit  of  the  one  injured,  but  for  the  educational  value  derived  from  ex-tending  a  knowledge  of  such  methods.  Al- 
ways keep  on  hand  in  a  glass  jar  or  bottle  some  sterilized  gauze  and  adhesive  plaster. 

W.  C.  A.  H. 


[   3  ] 


Description  of  the  \A^oods  Used  in  Advanced  Knife  Work 


Basswcxxl — American  Linden — Lime  Tree  ( Tilia.  Americana) 
The  wood  is  light,  soft,  stiff,  but  not  strong;  of  fine  texture,  and  white  to  light  brown  in  color;  clear  of  knots,  but  does  not  split 
lasily;  it  is  sold  {lenerally  under  the  name  of  basswood,  but  is  sometinu'S  confounded  with  tulip  wood,  or  white  wood. 

It  is  used  in  carpentry,  in  the  manufacture  of  furniture  and  wooden  ware,  both  turned  and  carved,  in  cooi>erage,  and  for  toys. 

Density,  or  specific  gravity,  of  Basswood,     0.4525 
Weight  of  cubic  foot  of  Basswood,  28.20  lbs. 


Black  Cherry  ('Prunus  Serolina) 

The  wood  i;i  firm,  close-grained,  of  a  light  red  color,  darkening  with  age.  It  takc-s  a  fine  polish,  and,  when  perfectly  seasoned,  will 
not  warp  or  shrink. 

It  is  chiefly  used  as  a  decorative  furniture  lumber  for  buildings,  cai^,  and  boats;  also  for  furniture  and  turnery.  It  is  becoming 
too  costly  for  many  purposes  for  which  it  is  naturally  well  suited. 

Density,  or  specific  gravity,  of  Black  Cherry,     0.5822 
Weight  of  cubic  foot  of  Black  Cherry,  38.28  lbs. 


Red  Cedar  ijuniperus  Virginiana) 

The  Red  Cedar  is  the  most  widely  distributed  conifer  of  the  United  States.  The  wood  is  of  a  l)right  red  color,  fading  with  ex- 
posure to  air;  its  sapwood  is  nearly  white,  fragrant,  light,  soft,  and  close-grained. 

It  is  largely  used  for  post-s  for  interior  fini;;h  of  homes,  for  chests  and  closets,  in  which  woolens  are  preserved  against  attack  <.f 
moths;  for  cabinet  work  and  for  lead  pencils. 

Density,  or  specific  gravity,  of  Red  Cedar,     0.4826 
Weight  of  1  cubic  foot  of  Red  Cedar,  30.70  lbs. 

I  5  J 


Yellow  Poplar  or  Tiilip  Tree  {Liriodendron  Tulipifera) 
The  wood  is  light  yellow  to  brown  in  color ;  its  sapwood  is  creamy  white,  light,  soft,  and  straight-grained. 
It  is  used  for  interior  finish  of  houses,  for  panels  of  carriages,  for  pattern  timber  and  wooden  ware. 

On  account  of  the  scarcity  of  white  pine,  tulip  wood  is  taking  its  place  to  some  extent,  particularly  when  very  wide  boards  are  re- 
ared. 

Densitj,  or  specific  gravity,  of  Yellow  Poplar,     0.4230 

Weight  of  1  cubic  foot  of  Yellow  Poplar,         26.36  lbs. 


Sweet  Gum  {Liqaidambar  Siyraciflua) 

The  wood  is  bright  reddish  brown  in  color;  its  sapwood  is  nearly  white,  ratlier  heavy,  soft,  quite  stifE  and  strong,  tough,  commonly 
L-ross-grained,  of  fine  texture,  and  takes  a  beautiful  polish. 

It  is  used  in  carpentry,  in  the  manufacture  of  furniture,  for  cut  veneer,  for  wooden  plates,  placques,  etc. 

Density,  or  specific  gravity,  of  Sweet  Gum,     0.5910 

Weight  of  1  cubic  foot  of  Sweet  Gum,         36.83  lbs. 


"White  Pine  {Pinus  Strobus) 
The  White  Pine  is  probably  the  most  important  timber  tree  of  the  United  States.    Its  wood  is  light  brown  in  color ;  its  sapwood 
is  nearly  white,  light,  soft,  compact,  straight-grained,  easily  worked,  and  takes  a  fine  polish. 

It  is  used  for  lumber,  shingles,  cabinet  work,  interior  of  houses,  masts  and  spars  of  vessels. 

Density,  or  specific  gravity,  of  White  Pine,     0.3854 
Weight  of  cubic  foot  of  White  Pine,  24.02  lbs. 


[  6  ] 


DIRECTIONS  FOR  KNIFE  WORK 


r 


SIDES,  EDGES  AND  ENDS 
Every  board  has  two  sides,  two  edges,  and  two  ends. 


THE  SLOYD  KNIFE 

While  in  this  course  a  number  of  tools  arc  used,  the  knife  is 
naturally  the  most  important;  it  is  therefore  very  necessary  to  select 
for  this  work  a  suitable  knife  of  the  best  quality. 

Though  the  work  can  bo  done  with  a  good  stout  penknife  with 
two  bladis,  it  is  advisable  that  the  regular  Sloyd  k-nife  be  used. 
This  knife  comes  in  two  sizes — one  having  a  214-inch  blade,  the 
other,  a  3-inch  blade.  The  smaller  knife  is  recommended  for 
younger  pupils ;  the  larger,  for  older  ones. 


HOW  TO  HOLD  THE  KNIFE 

Hold  the  knife  in  the  right  hand  and  the  wood  in  the  left  hand 
(see  photograph).  Be  careful  always  to  cut  away  from  the  body 
and  to  ki.'cp  the  left  hand  back  of  the  blade  of  the  k-nife.  When 
cutting,  keep  the  flat  surface  of  the  blade  as  close  to  the  wood  as 
possible  to  prevent  cutting  too  deeply. 

WHien  the  surface  of  the  wood  to  be  cut  is  quite  long,  the  piece  of 
wood  can  be  rested  upon  tlje  board  protecting  the  desk;  tliis  will 
steady  the  hand  which  holds  the  wood. 


[  -  ] 


HOW  TO  CUT 

If  you  cut  along  the  edge  of  a  piece  of  wood  you  are  cutting  either 
iL-ith  or  against  the  grain.  Whenever  possible  cut  with  the  grain, 
because  the  knife  does  not  then  sink  into  the  body  of  the  wood 
and  split  it. 

In  crosscutting,  the  wood  is  cut  at  right  angles  to  the  grain ;  it  is 
a  little  more  difficult  than  cutting  with  the  grain,  as  the  fibres  of 
the  wood  have  to  be  cut  through  instead  of  being  torn  apart  (see 
Iihotograph).  It  is  best  to  rest  the  wood  on  the  board  protecting 
the  desk  when  cross-cutting. 

Oblique-cutting  is  simply  a  variation  of  cutting  with  the  grain 
and  crosscutting;  the  knife  is  held  in  .the  usual  manner  and  the 
rutting  is  done  diagonally  across  the  grain. 


THE  TRY-SQUARE 


The  importance  of  having  your  work  "square"  can  hardly  Ije  over- 
estimated. For  this  reason  the  try-square  is  one  of  the  most  useful 
tools  in  Knife  Work.  The  names  of  the  parts  of  the  square  are 
given  above  (see  photograph). 


[  8  ] 


USE  OF  THE  TRY-SQUARE 


Soe  that  one  side  of  the  piece  of  wood  to  be  used  is  perfectly 
smooth  and  flat;  then  hold  the  inner  edge  of  the  beam  of  the  tr}- 
sijuarc  against  the  side  of  the  wood  that  is  flat  and  smooth;  the 
blade  rests  on  the  edge  of  the  wood,  and  is  moved  along  this  edge 
from  end  to  end. 


In  moving  the  trj-square  along  the  wood,  see  that  the  ln'am  and 
the  blade  fit  exactly  on  the  side  and  edge  tliroughout  their  length. 

Hold  the  wood  and  the  square  as  in  above  photograph,  being  verj- 
careful  in  moving  the  blade  of  the  square  along  the  edge  of  the  wood 
to  keep  the  beam  firm  against  the  side  of  the  wood. 


[  9  ] 


THE  OIL  STONE 

The  stone  knowTi  as  Eed  Washita  is  recommended  for  use  in 
sharpening  tlie  knife.  Use  sperm  oil  or  kerosene  as  a  liil)ricator. 
Always  wi{>e  the  stone  clean  after  using.  When  an  oilstone  becomes 
unevenly  worn,  true  it  down  by  rubbing- it  on  a  sheet  of  sandpaper 
fastened  on  a  flat  surface.     In  doing  this,  use  water  as  a  lubricator. 

It  is  much  the  best  to  sharpen  the  tools  as  soon  as  they  begin  to 
get  dull,  for  then  they  will  require  but  little  rubbing. 

In  rubbing  the  knife  on  the  oilstone,  give  it  a  circular  motion, 
rather  than  a  back  and  forth  motion;  observe  this  particularlv  in 
sharpening  the  point  of  the  knife.  The  flat  surface  of  the  blade 
sliouhl  be  pressed  more  heavily  near  the  edge  of  the  stone. 


SANDt'APER 

Sandpaper  is  made  of  paper  with  a  coating  of  finely-ground  flint, 
glass,  or  quartz  glued  to  it.  The  grains  on  the  same  paper  are  always 
of  the  same  size.  The  finest  quality  of  sandpaper  is  numbered  "0," 
the  coarsest,  "rough  2."  It  is  best  to  use  sandpaper  on  a  sandpaper 
block, — a  piece  of  wood  3"  long,  1"  \ride  and  about  %"  thick. 

Place  the  sandpaper  on  the  face,  or  plane  surface,  of  the  wood, 
and,  if  possible,  glue  a  thin  layer  of  cork  or  cardboard  on  th(i  wood. 
The  cork  or  cardboard  acts  as  a  cushion  for  the  sandpaper. 

In  order  to  give  a  smooth  finish  with  sandpaper,  work  the  saml- 
paper  cither  at  right  angles  or  obliquely  to  the  grain  of  the  wood. 

Sandpai>cr  should  be  used  only  for  cleaning  the  model ;  never  use 
sandpaper  to  fonn  or  smooth  up  the  surface  of  a  model. 


[  10  ] 


Working 

In  tlio  advanood  knifo  work  course  the  pupil  is  required 
to  make  workiufj;  diagrams  oi-  drawings,  since  two  or  more 
\  iews  of  the  object  made  are  often  necessary.  Good  work- 
ing drawings  are  self-explanatoiy ;  they  are  usually  drawTi 
to  a  scale. 

A  working  diagnuu  to  a  scale  is  nothing  more  than  a 
make-believe  full-size  drawing.  "We  notice  in  the  above 
diagram  tiiat,  although  eacli  rectangle  is  drawni  to  a  dif- 
ferent scale,  the  shape  of  the  outline  of  each  is  tlie  same. 
"\\nien  a  drawing  is  not  full  size,  the  scale  must  be  written 
under  it. 


Diagrams 

The  pupil  should  W  taught  to  read  working  drawings 
intelligently,  and  should  lie  re([uired  to  express  in  a  corret-t 
working  drawing  his  idea  of  a  given  model.  He  will  then 
realize  the  im])ortance  of  accuracy  in  measuring  dimen- 
sions, and  will  be  led  to  exercise  carefulness  in  making  tlie 
model. 

When  the  object  to  l)e  maile  is  not  too  large,  i)upils  should 
make  woi-king  diagrams  natural  size. 

The  pupil  must  submit  the  uorkiiit/  diagram  of  the  model 
to  he  made  before  he  beffiiis  to  male  the  model. 


[  11  ] 


MODEL  No.  1 

WHISK  BROOM  HOLDER 

Directions  for  Constructing  Model  No.  i 

^^^^^ 

A. 

1. 

Prepare  stocJi  for  Back,*  making  rectangle  Af  wide 
X  8"  long. 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

2. 

CpiDy  working  diagram. 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

3. 

Cut  out  design. 

^^^^^^^^^^^ 

4. 

Clean  with  sandpaper. 

^^^^^^^^ 

B. 

1. 

Prepare  stock  for  Front,  making  rectangle  4^"  wide 
X  4"  long. 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B 

2. 

Copy  working  diagram. 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H 

3. 

Cut  out  design. 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^H 

4. 

Clean  with  sandpaper. 

^^^^^^H 

C. 

1. 

Prepare  stock  for  Sides— each  piece  to  be  a  rectangle 
1^"  wide  and  4"  long. 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^H 

2. 

Clean  with  sandpaper. 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^H 

D. 

Fasten  parts  together  witli  brads  and  glue,  l)eing  care- 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H 

ful  to  start  brads  in  Front  and  Back  before  glu- 

■^I^H 

ing. 

ike  each  piece  a  separate  exercise. 

'M. 

k  for  Back:     y  thick  x  4|"  wide  x  8J"  long— Basswood,  Wliite  Pine  or 
StocSweet  Gum. 

Stock  tor  Front:     jj"  tliick  x  4|"  wide  x  4^"  long — Basswood,  AMiite  Pine  or 
Sweet  Gimi. 

Stock  for  Sides:     2  pieces,  each  j\"  tliick  x  IJ"  wide  x  41"  long — Basswood, 
Wliite  Pine  or  Sweet  fiuni. 

[   12  ] 


MODEL  No.  1 


4?" 


FRONT 


WHISK  BROOM  HOLDER— Working  Diagram 


41" 


4' 


M" 


r V 


.._.- >! 


SIDE 


SIDE 


Siale  !"=■>" 


[   13  ] 


r 

ViODEL  No.  2 

WEDGE 

Stock  \"  thick  x  \\"  wide  x  W  long— White  Pine 

Directions  for  Constructing  Model  No.  2 

1. 

Make  one  edge  sti-aight  and  smootli.     (Cut  with  the       5.  CopyonedgesFig.il. 

grain.)                                                                                  6.  Cut  sides  to  oblique  lines. 

o 

Cut  one  end  square  to  tried  edge.     (Test  with  the  try-       7.  Copy  on  opposite  sides  Fig.  I. 

square.)                                                                                8.  Cut  out  design. 

o 
o. 

From  finished  end   measure   length  3",   and  square       9.  Submit  model  for  inspection. 

across  with  knife  line.                                                       10.  Clean  with  sandpaper. 

4. 

Cut  end  square  to  tried  edge. 

r  14  1 


MODEL  No.  2 


WEDGE— Working   Diagram 


Fig.  I 


I'iK.  11 


I    1-J 


MODEL  No.  3 


PEN  RACK 


Stock  for  Base:     J''  thick  x  2i"  wide  x  6J"  long— Basswood,  'SMiite  Pine  or  Sweet  Gum. 
Stock  for  Supports:    ^^"  thick  x  2j''  wide  x  i\"  long— Basswood,  A\niite  Pine  or  Sweet  Gum. 


Directions  for  Constructing  Model  Nc.  3 


A.  1.  Prepai-e  stock  for  Base,  making  i-ectangle  2"  wide  x 
6"  long. 

2.  Draw  working  diagram  upon  wood. 

3.  Cut  out  design. 

4.  Clean  with  sandiiai)er. 


2.  On  one  side  of  piece  of  wood*  place  drawing  of  sup- 

ports—one at  each  end. 

3.  Cut  out  cui-v^es  at  each  end. 

4.  Cut  out  design,  making  two  supports. 

5.  Clean  with  sandpaper. 


P>.  1.  Pi-epare  stock  for  supports,  making  a  rectangle  2"     C.  Fasten  supports  to  base  with  brads  and  glue.    Be  care- 
ful to  start  brads  in  base  before  gluing. 


wide  X  3]"  Ions. 


*A  longer  piece  of  wood  i.s  iis«l  (o  enable  tlie  ]iii|)il  to  eiit  out  the  oiiv\ 
more  readilv. 


[  IG  ] 


MODEL  No.  3 


PEN   RACK— Working  Diagram 


I  '  IiS 


Side 


0" 


ticali:  l"=-.i 


[  17  ] 


MODEL  No.  4 


GLOVE  MENDER 


Stock  I"  thick  x  1"  wide  x  1"  long— 'White  Pine 


Directions  for  Constructing  Model  No.  4 


1.  On  one  of  the  1"  sides,  wliich  should  be  marked  No.  1, 

draw  a  line  ^"  from  the  upper  edge  of  the  wood. 

2.  Cut  this  side  down  to  line  drawn,  making  it  square  to 

No.  1 ;  mark  this  side  No.  2. 

3.  On  side  No.  2  draw  line  yV'  from  side  No.  1.     Cut  to 

this  line,  mailing  the  side  square  to  No.  2;  mark 
this  side  No.  3. 

4.  On  side  No.  3  draw  line  y\"  from  side  No.  2.     Cut  to 

this  line,  making  the  side  square  to  No.  3;  mark 
tliis  side  No.  4. 

5.  Draw  line  ai'ound  stick  I"  from  the  end.     (Use  iv\- 

square. ) 

6.  Cut  off  end  of  stick  at  this  line,  making  end  square  to 

all  faces. 

7.  Draw  line  around  stick  6tV"  from  this  end.     Cut  off 

stick  at  this  line. 

8.  Square  to  all  the  side  faces,  making  square  prism 


tV^6 


1  // 


9.  Draw  lines  around  stick  \"  from  one  of  the  ends  and 
^"  from  other  end. 

10.  Draw  plan  (omitting  curves)  upon  the  opposite  sides 

of  the  wood. 

11.  Cut  the  other  two  opposite  sides  down  to  the  lines  of 

the  drawing. 

12.  Draw  jilan  (omitting  curves)  upon  these  two  sides ;  cut 

down  to  these  lines,  maldng  frustum  of  a  square 
pyramid. 

13.  Quadrisect  all  edges  of  both  ends ;  join  opixtsite  points, 

except  the  middle  points. 

14.  Cut  all  comers  to  lines,  maliing  frustum  of  octagonal 

pyramid. 

15.  Round  all  comers,  making  fmstum  of  a  cone. 

16.  Draw  lines  around  the  stick  ^"  from  the  larger  end  and 

■^"  from  the  smaller  end. 

17.  Round  the  ends  according  to  the  drawing. 

18.  Clean  with  coarse  and  then  with  fine  sandpaper. 


[   18  ] 


GLOVE  MENDER— Working  Diagram 


MODEL  No.  4 


I 

I 


I 


'c- 


-iC 


.if.1 


? 

y  i 


I    VJ 


/ 


MODEL    No.  5 


FLOWER  STICK 


Stock  J"  thick  x  |"  tviae  x  14"  long— White  Pine 


Directions  for  Constructing  Model  No.  5 


1 .  Cut  stock  to  an  oblong  |"  x  14". 

2.  Draw  line  around  stick  |"  from  one  of  tlie  ends.     (Use 

tiy-square. ) 
.3.  From  finished  end  measure  length  13",  square  across 

with  knife  line. 
4.  Cut  the  end  square  to  edges. 
.5.  At  ends,  quadrisect  sides  and  edges. 


6.  Connect  opijosite  points  (except  the  middle  ones)  by 

straight  lines. 

7.  Cut  all  comers  to  lines,  making  octagonal  prism. 

8.  Bound  all  comers,  maldng  cylinder. 

9.  Draw  lines  around  stick  ^V"  fi'om  one  end;  1"  from 

the  other  end. 

10.  Cut  ends  according  to  drawing, 

11.  Clean  with  sandpaper. 


MODEL   No.  5 


FLOWER  STICK— Working  Diagram 


-->! 


L  ^1  J 


/ 


MODEL  No.  6 


PAPER  KNIFE 


Stock.  jY'  thick  x  IJ"  wide  x  11.]"  long- Cherry 


Directions  for  Constructing  Model  No.  6 


1 .  Cut  one  edge  straight  and  smooth.     ( Cut  witli  grain. ) 

2.  Cut  one  end  square  to  tried  edge.     (Test  with  tiy- 

square.) 

3.  From  finished  end  measure  length  11",  and  square 

across  with  knife  line. 

4.  Cut  this  end  square  to  tried  edge. 


5.  Measure  width  1",  and  cut  to  line. 

6.  Cojjy  working  diagram  on  each  side. 

7.  Cut  out  desig-n. 

8.  Form  hlade  with  knife,  working  to  a  center  on  the  edge 

(see  lower  drawing). 

9.  Clean  with  sandpaper. 


r  22  ] 


PAPER  KNIFE— Working  Diagram 


MODEL  No.  6 


'* 


11' 


I 


r 


,<--->: 


iVJC 


TS 


xy 


Y^ 


'K -^» T-X- -;. 


M'^ 


iiZE 


Scale  1"=2''' 


I  -i-  ] 


MODEL  No.  7 


SEED  STICK 


Stock  J"  thick  x  J"  wide  x  9"  long  -White  Pine 


Directions  for  Constructing  Model  No.  7 


1.  Cut  stick  to  an  oblong  |"  x  9". 

2.  Draw  line  around  stick  |"  from  one  of  the  ends.     (Use 

tiy-square.) 

3.  From  finished  end  measure  length  8|",  and  square 

across  with  knife  line. 

4.  Cut  the  end  square  to  edges  and  sides. 

5.  Draw  lines  around  stick  |"  from  one  end,  3"  from  the 

other. 


6.  Draw  plan  upon  two  opposite  sides  of  stick. 

7.  Cut  notches. 

8.  Cut  to  oblique  lines. 

9.  Bevel  the  four  longer  edges. 

10.  Bevel  edges  on  oblique  sides. 

11.  Bevel  edges  on  ends. 

12.  Clean  with  sandpaper,  ends  first,  oblique  sides  next, 

and  then  the  remaining  sides. 


[  24  ] 


MODEL  No.  7 


SEED  STICK— Working   Diagram' 


■  ^ 


1^ 
\ 

i 


;'/' 


IT' 


in 
iii 

H-  -- 


>c 


14. 


8  5" 


H  ^'" 


X-----f^ 


•  J" 


1 1 


ll" 


I  I 
I  I 


I    --ii    ] 


MODEL   No.  8 


LETTER  OPENER 


stock  tV  thick  x  If"  wide  x  W'  long— Cherry 


Directions  for  Constructing  Model  No.  8 


1.  Make  one  edge  straight  and  smooth. 

2.  Cut  one  end  square  to  tried  edge.    (Use  try-square.) 

3.  From  tinislied  end  measure  length  9",  and  square  across 

with  knife  line. 

4.  Cut  end  square  to  tried  edge. 


5.  Measure  width  1^",  and  cut  to  line. 

6.  Copy  working  diagi-am. 

7.  Cut  out  design  and  form  blade  of  opener. 

8.  Submit  model  for  insjiection. 

9.  Clean  with  sandpaper. 


r  20  ] 


LETTER 

;  t"   ! 
,«- — »i 

1}"!       1 , 

MODEL  No.  8 

OPENER— ^Vo^king  Diagram 

■                        i        :        9"                              ''' 

1 — 

i   3  A                                                                                        1                                                                                                                                             V 

-n  l-              -  -                  --                                                                                                                                                       .  • 

Scale  1"=2" 

t  i::  J 


MODEL  No.  9 


FILE  HANDLE 


Stock  i^'  thick  x  1"  wide  x  5^'  long— White  Pine 


Directions  for  Constructing  Model  No.  g 


1.  Prepare  stock  as  in  previous  models,  making  an  oblong 

2.  Draw  the  diagonals  on  one  end. 

3.  Hold  stick  in  vertical  position;  bore  hole  i^'),  using 


auger  bit  (see  drawing) . 
4.  Draw  jilan  upon  two  opposite  sides  of  stick, 
cun^es.) 


5.  Cut  to  lines. 


ti.  Draw  plan  upon  the  remaining  opposite  sides, 
cui-ves.) 


(Omit 


(Omit 


7.  Cut  to  lines,  thus  making  frustum  of  square  pyramid. 

8.  Draw  lines  around  stick  f"  from  larger  end. 

9.  Quadrisect  the  lines  that  are  f "  from  larger  end. 

10.  Quadrisect  all  edges  of  smaller  end. 

11.  Joint  opposite  points  and  cut  to  lines,  making  frustum 

of  octagonal  pyramid. 

12.  Proceed  with  the  rounding  as  in  previous  models. 

13.  Clean  with  sandpaper. 


[   28   ] 


MODEL  No.  9 


FILE   HANDLE— \Vorking  Diagram 


[  29   ] 


MODEL  No.  10 


CROCHET  NEEDLE 


Stock  I"  thick  X  i"  wide  x  10"  long— Cherry 


Directions  for  Constructing  Model  No.  lo 


1.  Cut  one  edge  straight  and  smooth. 

2.  Cut  one  end  square  to  tried  edge.     (Test  with  try- 

square.) 
.3.  From  tliis  finished  end  measure  length  9",  and  square 
across  with  knife  line. 

4.  Cut  this  end  square  to  tried  edge. 

5.  Measure  width  ^",  and  cut  to  line. 

G.  At  ends  quadrisect  by  points  all  sides  and  edges. 


7.  Connect  by  straight  lines  all  opposite  points. 

8.  Cut  all  corners  to  lines  making  octagonal  prism. 

9.  Round  all  comers  making  cylinder. 

10.  Draw  lines  around  stick  ^"  from  one  end,  and  |" 

from  the  other  end. 

11.  Cut  ends  according  to  drawing. 

12.  Clean  model  with  sandpaper. 


r  30  ] 


CROCHET  NEEDLE— Working  Diagram 


MODEL  No.  10 


I 


<e 


■--.----> 


~n:^ 


h^." 


7^ 


■    I 


rL3.  ,'5* 


I  -a 


MODEL  No.  II 

WHISTLE 

Stock  1"  thick  x  1"  wide  x  5J^'  long— White  Pine 

Directions  for  Constructing  Model  No.  ii 

1. 

Make  one  edge  straight  and  smooth.                                      8.  Cut  piece  of  wood,  cylindrical  in  form,  \"  in  diameter 

0 

Cut  one  end  square  to  tried  edge.                                                        and  1"  long.     (This  piece  of  wood  is  to  be  used  as 

3. 

From  finished  end  measure  length  5",  and  square  across                   a  plug.) 

with  knife  line.                                                                    9.  Cut  a  flat  side  on  this  plug  fV"   (see  working  dia- 

4. 

Cut  end  square  to  tried  edge.                                                               gram). 

5. 

Measure  width  f",  and  cut  to  line.                                         10.  Glue  plug  in  the  hole  bored  (see  working  diagram.) 

6. 

Draw  diagonals  on  one  end,  and  mark  center.                       11.  Cut  the  notch  and  the  bevel,  as  indicated  by  the  draw- 

7. 

Bore  the  half -inch  {^")  hole  about  4"  deep  (see  working                  ing. 

diagram).                                                                       12.  Clean  model  with  sandpaper. 

[  32  ] 


WHISTLE— Working  Diagram 


MODEL  No.  11 


J"* 


".y_ 


L  ;j:;  j 


1. 

3. 
4. 

0. 

f). 

7. 
8. 
!). 

MODEL  No.  12 

BEVELED  RULER 

1 

and  draw 
tiy-square 
tiy-square 
tiy-square 
try-square 

1 

light 
and 
and 
and 
and 

m^^^^i^njjj^^^^i 

stock  J"  thick  X  11"  wide  X  12^"  long— White  Pine 

Directions  for  Constructing  Model  No.   12 

Make  one  edge  straight  and  smooth.                                                  edge,  measure  distance  at  each  enc 

Cut  one  end  square  to  tried  edge.    (Use  try-square.)                      l^eneil  lines.) 

From  finished  end  measure  length  12",  and  square     10.  Mark  lines  for  inch  divisions.     (Use 

across  with  knife  line.                                                                    knife.) 
Cut  the  end  square  to  tried  edge.                                           11.  Mark  lines   for  \"   divisions.      (Use 
Measure  width  1",  and  cut  to  line.                                                        knife.) 
Copy  drawing  on  each  end,  and  mark  lines  on  edge  and     12.  Mark  lines  for  ]"  di^dsions.      (Use 

side  showing  part  to  be  beveled.                                                  knife.) 
Bevel  side  as  indicated  by  working  diagram.                      13.  *Mark  lines  for  -J"  divisions.     (Use 
•Clean  with  sandpai^er.                                                                      Icnife.) 
Copy  drawing  on  beveled  side.     (For  lines  parallel  to     H-  JMark  cut  lines  with  sharj)  ])oncil. 

*May  Lie  uiiiittcd  unless  student  is  very  skillful. 

[   34   ] 


MODEL  No.  12 


BEVELED  RULER— Working  Diagram 


III  III 

i|  1 

TTT 

1  T 

w 

TT 

TTT 

l|l 

III 

IM 

l|  1 

1  || 

I  |i 

1  IT 

TTT 

TTT 

1 II 

ITT 

TTT 

TTT 

TTT 

in 

m 

vn 

H--V 

I      1 

1 

1 

—I- 

1 

— i— 

1 

1 ' 

'  1 

T" 

*r- 

-T" 

-H^ 

-M-^ 

-4^ 

1^ 

V 

A  ; 

1           I'          :;           4           r.          G          r           s           9          lo 

11 

1 

p< 

1 

—   "■ 

-  -  —  - 

—  ~  ' 

—   ~    - 

"■     * 

"  "  • 

— 

""" 

"*  ^ 

--1-2-  - 
Scale 

1"= 

2" 

~  ■".- 

-  —  - 

-  —  ■ 

— 

-  - 





- 

- 

-  > 

■'(■i 
X 

;>•■  ^■ 


I  :i-'  J 


MODEL  No.  13 

PEN  HOLDER 

Stock  f  thick  x  f "  -wide  x  8 

"  long— Ciheny  or  Red  Cedar 

Directions  for  Constructing  Model  No.  13 

1. 

Prepai-e  stock  as  in  previous  models,  making  an  oblong 

outer  end,  where  it  should  ))e  slightly  smaller  to 

Vxfxsr. ' 

admit  pen  (see  working  diagram). 

2. 

All  sides  being  square,  cut  one  end  square.    (Test  with 

8.  Glue  in  peg. 

try-square.) 

9.  Find  center  of  othei-  end  and  draw  I"  circle. 

3. 

From  finished  end  measure  length  TV',  and  square 

10.  Copy  drawing  on  two  opposite  sides. 

across  with  knife  line. 

11.  Cut  out  desig-n. 

i. 

Cut  this  end  s(iuare  to  edges. 

12.  Copy  drawing  on  sides  just  cut. 

5. 

Find  center  of  one  end  and  draw  ]"  circle. 

13.  Cut  out  design. 

(5. 

Bore  hole  Ij"  deep,  using  ]"  auger  hit. 

14.  Whittle  to  shape. 

7. 

Cut  small  peg,  1|"  long,  to  tightly  fit  hole  except  at 

15.  Clean  with  sandpaper. 

[    30   ] 


PEN   HOLDER— Working  Diagram 


MODEL  No.  13 


2J" 


o:iiE 


[  37   ] 


MODEL  No.  14 


MAT 


Stock  ',"  thick  x  4i"  wide  x  41"  long— TATiite  Piue  or  Yellow  Poplar 


1.  ]\Iake  one  edge  straight  and  smooth. 

2.'  Cut  one  end  square  to  tried  edge.     (Test  with  tiy- 

square.) 
.S.  INIeasure  length  4}"  from  finished  end,   and  square 

across  with  knife  line, 
■i.  Cut  the  end  square  to  tried  edge. 


Directions  for  Constructing  Model  No.  14 

5.  Measure  -nidth  4|",  and  whittle  to  line. 

6.  Copy  working  diagram. 

7.  Cut  out  design. 

8.  Bevel  ]"  (see  working  diagram). 

9.  Clean  with  sandpaper. 


[   38  ] 


MAT — Working  Diagram 


MODEL  No.  14 


41" 


>^-, 


'J' 


I  39  J 


MODEL  No.15 


FLOWERPOT  STAND 


Stock  I"  thick  x  11"  wide  x  6"  long— White  Pine,  2  pieces. 


Directions  for  Constructing  Model  No.  15 


1 .  Cut  one  edge  straight  and  sniootli. 
'2.  Cut  one  end  square  to  tried  edge.     (Test  with  tiy 
square.) 


6.  Copy  working  diagram  No.  1  on  each  side. 

7.  Prepare  other  piece  of  wood  in  same  way  and  copy 

working  diagram  No.  2  on  eacli  side. 


3.  From  finished  end  measure  length  54",  and  square       8.  Cut  out  designs.     (In  making  notches  first  cut  out  V 


across  with  knife  line. 

4.  Cut  this  end  square  to  ti"ied  edge. 

5.  Measui'e  width  1",  and  cut  to  line. 


as  in  previous  models.) 
9.  Clean  eaeh  piece  with  sandpaper. 
10.  Fit  the  pieces  together. 


[  40  ] 


FLOWERPOT  STAND— Working  Diagram 


No.  1     ^ 
1". 


f 

u 

J//    1 

1 

i"\ 

<-  _    J 

1 

1 

1 



-L.  _  _          _ 

--->! 

:i" 


No.  2 


I"; 


n. 


Scale  1"=2'' 


•  a// 
. .  y. . . 


MODEL  No.  15 


lU: 


t  .11  J 


MODEL  No.  16 


KEY  RACK 


Stock  jV  thick  x  3"  wide  x  8}"  long — Cherry  or  Basswood 


Directions  for  Constructing  Model  No.  i6 
1.  Cut  one  edge  sti-aiglit  and  smooth.    (Cut  with  the       5.  Measure  width  2f",  and  cut  to  line. 


gi'ain.) 
:!.  Cut  one  end  square  to  tried  edge.     (Test  with  try- 


6.  Copy  working  diagram. 

7.  Cut  out  design. 


square.) 
:i  From  finished  end  measure  length  8",  and  square  across       8.  Submit  model  for  ins}iection. 

with  knife  line.  9.  Clean  with  sand]iaper. 

4.  Cut  this  end  square  to  tried  edge.  10.  Place  hooks  in  position  (see  working  diagi-am.) 


[   42   ] 


MODEL  No.  16 


KEY  RACK— Working  Diagram 


Scale  l"=-y' 


L  4a  J 


MODEL  No.  17 


CORNER  BRACKET 


Stock  for  Top  :  -^^"  thick  x  GJ"  wide  x  CJ"  long — Basswood  or  S\veet  Gum. 
Stock  for  Braces  :  two  pieces  each  j'j"  thick  x  6i"  wide  x  8"  long — Ba.sswood  or  Sweet  Gum . 


Directions  foi  Constructing  Model  No.  17 


A.  1. 


making 


rectangle 


6"x6" 


B. 


Prepare   stock   for   Top, 
(Test  all  corners.) 

Copy  working  diagram 

Cut  out  design. 

Clean  with  sandpaper. 

Prepare  stock  for  Braces,  maldng  each  piece  a  rect- 
angle 6"  wde  X  S"  long.     (Test  all  corners.) 


2.  Co^j  drawing  on  each  piece,  being  careful  to  make 

one  brace  6"  wide,  the  other  5y|"  wide. 

3.  Cut  out  design  on  each  piece. 

4.  Clean  with  sandpaper. 

1.  Locate  and  start  brads  in  the  brace  6"  wide,  and 

fasten  with  glue  to  the  other  brace. 

2.  Locate  and  start  brads  in  top  and  fasten  with  glue  to 

the  braces. 


[  44   ]     ■ 


MODEL  No.  17 


CORNER  BRACKET— Working  Diagram 


Scale  1"=2'' 


[  45  ] 


0J41VEKSrrY  of  CALIFORNIA 


LOS  ANGELES 
LIBRARY 


